Conditionals
Zero Conditional(real)
If + present simple, .... present simple
The zero conditional is used when the result will always happen.
- If people eat too much, they get fat.
- If you touch a fire, you get burned.
- People die if they don't eat.
- You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
- Snakes bite if they are scared.
First Conditional(possible)
If + present simple, ... will + infinitive
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future.
- If it rains, I won't go to the park.
- If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
- If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
- She'll be late if the train is delayed.
- She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
Second Conditional(unreal)
If + past simple, ...would/might/could + infinitive
The second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective;
it depends on my point of view.
We should use only were not was. If I were you.
- If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery).
- If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
- She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
- She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen).
- If I were rich, I would donate a lot of money to charity.
Third Conditional(impossible)
If + past perfect, ...would/might/could + have + past participle
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result
of this situation.
- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study, and so she didn't pass)
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
- She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
- She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
Mixed Conditional
If + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
It combination of Second and Third conditionals.
- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study, and so she didn't pass)
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
- She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
- She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university